Cyber Law Enforcement

Online Identity

2009-08-15T01:37:00.000-07:00

An online identity, internet identity, or internet persona is a social identity that an Internet user establishes in online communities and websites. Although some people prefer to use their real names online, most Internet users prefer to be anonymous, identifying themselves by means of pseudonyms, which reveal varying amounts of personally identifiable information.

In some online contexts, including Internet forums, MUDs, instant messaging, and massively multiplayer online games, users can represent themselves visually by choosing an avatar, an icon-sized graphic image. As other users interact with an established online identity, it acquires a reputation, which enables them to decide whether the identity is worthy of trust. Some websites also use the user's IP address to track their online identities using methods such as tracking cookies.

The concept of the personal self, and how this is influenced by emerging technologies, are a subject of research in fields such as psychology and sociology. The Online disinhibition effect is a notable example, referring to a concept of unwise and uninhibited behavior on the internet, arising as a result of anonymity and audience gratification.

Precautions to Pevent Identity Fraud and Theft

2009-07-31T20:45:00.000-07:00

These are Some Precautions You should take to Escape From Identity Fraud and Theft

1. Safeguard your information and monitor your credit reports often.

2. If you are selling an item and someone will only pay by check, it is probably a scam. The check will appear to "clear" in a short time, but it may take a few weeks for the bank to find out the check is actually fake.

3.Do not accept pre-printed shipping labels from people attempting to purchase goods from you. They may be using a fraudulent shipping account like the one opened in my name. Shippers can re-route packages in mid-stream and the goods get sent anywhere they choose. The person you think you are selling the item to has likely had their identity stolen.

4. Avoid job postings where it appears you will be working for someone overseas that you have never met, such as selling items on ebay or paying US "customers."

Cyber Spying

2009-07-30T23:02:00.000-07:00

Cyber spying is the act or practice of obtaining secrets without the permission of the holder of the information (personal, sensitive, proprietary or of classified nature), from individuals, competitors, rivals, groups, governments and enemies for personal, economic, political or military advantage using illegal exploitation methods on internet, networks or individual computers through the use of cracking techniques and malicious software including Trojan horses and spyware. It may wholly be perpetrated online from computer desks of professionals on bases in far away countries or may involve infiltration at home by computer trained conventional spies and moles or in other cases may be the criminal handiwork of amateur malicious hackers and software programmers.

Domain Sniping

2009-07-30T22:59:00.001-07:00

Domain sniping is the practice of an individual registering a domain name whose registration has lapsed in the immediate moments after expiry. This practice has largely been rendered moot through ICANN's addition of the Redemption Grace Period (RGP), which allows registrants 30 days to reclaim their domain name. By law there are no perpetual rights to domain names after payment of registration fees lapses, aside from trademark rights granted by common law or statute.

Internet Privacy

2009-07-28T03:43:00.000-07:00

The ability to control what information one reveals about oneself over the Internet, and who can access that information, has become a growing concern. These concerns include whether email can be stored or read by third parties without consent, or whether third parties can track the web sites someone has visited. Another concern is whether web sites which are visited collect, store, and possibly share personally identifiable information about users.
The advent of various search engines and the use of data mining created a capability for data about individuals to be collected and combined from a wide variety of sources very easily.

The Data Protection Act 1998 (DPA) : UK

2009-07-28T03:39:00.001-07:00

The Data Protection Act 1998 (DPA) is a United Kingdom Act of Parliament which defines UK law on the processing of data on identifiable living people. It is the main piece of legislation that governs the protection of personal data in the UK. Although the Act does not mention privacy, in practice it provides a way in which individuals can control information about themselves. Most of the Act does not apply to domestic use, for example keeping a personal address book. Anyone holding personal data for other purposes is legally obliged to comply with this Act, subject to some exemptions. The Act defines eight data protection principles.

The E-Government Act of 2002:USA

2009-07-28T03:34:00.000-07:00

The E-Government Act of 2002 (Pub.L. 107-347, 116 Stat. 2899, 44 U.S.C. § 101, H.R. 2458/S. 803), is a United States statute enacted on December 17, 2002, with an effective date for most provisions of April 17, 2003. Its stated purpose is to improve the management and promotion of electronic government services and processes by establishing a Federal Chief Information Officer within the Office of Management and Budget, and by establishing a framework of measures that require using Internet-based information technology to improve citizen access to government information and services, and for other purposes.

Digital Evidence

2009-07-28T03:24:00.000-07:00

Digital evidence or electronic evidence is any probative information stored or transmitted in digital form that a party to a court case may use at trial.
The use of digital evidence has increased in the past few decades as courts have allowed the use of e-mails, digital photographs, ATM transaction logs, word processing documents, instant message histories, files saved from accounting programs, spreadsheets, internet browser histories, databases, the contents of computer memory, computer backups, computer printouts, Global Positioning System tracks, logs from a hotel’s electronic door locks, and digital video or audio files.

Cyber Law Enforcement

2008-07-19T03:07:00.000-07:00

Cyber Laws Enforcement :
The intent behind to enact laws always been to decrease and minimizing the injustices among the human beings and insure the natural justice for humanity. The enactment of cyber laws in the world community in their respective countries is desired of the age as someone can’t hummer without its nail, the information technology can not get if required constructive objects without proper and required advanced edifice of legal system.
Cyber law is a term used to describe the legal issues related to use of communications technology, particularly “cyberspace”, i.e. the Internet. It is less a distinct field of law in the way that property or contract are, as it is an intersection of many legal fields, including intellectual property, privacy, freedom of expression, and jurisdiction. In essence, cyber law is an attempt to apply laws designed for the physical world to human activity on the Internet
India and Pakistan both countries have enacted the cyber laws, information Technology Act 2000 is functioning there in India since 2000 and Electronic Transaction Ordinance 2002 and Prevention of Electronic Crimes Ordinance 2007 providing new legal mechanism for cyber space issues in Pakistan. Both the countries may have face the same electronic tribulations but the legal mechanism of the both countries are not obviously the same dealing in the same way.
A bird eye view of the ITA 2000 of India depict the purposes of act to foster an environment in which law are sample and transparent and in which the advantages of new technology can be tapped, the ITA 2000 (India) deals with the following issues:
i. Secure electronic transaction –these enables parties to enter into electronic contracts.
ii. Attribution of electronic messages.
iii. Electronic signatures and electronic records given legal status.
iv. Contraventions regarding electronic records, viz, hacking, theft of electronic records, manipulation of records and spreading viruses etc.
v. Information technology offences.
vi. Facilitates e-commerce as well as electronic filing and maintenance of records as against the government.
vii. Tempering with computer source documents.
viii. Hacking with computer system.
ix. Publishing of information which is obscene in electronic form.
x. Liabilities of internet service provider for content on the internet is limited in so far as the provider exercises all due diligence.etc
The nature of cyber laws apparently are civil nature and mostly focus on the e-commerce contracts and issues but altogether these laws are providing a systematic legal mechanism in India. In Indian legal procedure, healthy and constructive access through the internet is not straightway be called as offence, i.e, actus reus and mens rea is relied upon in Indian legal procedure.
The Electronic Transaction Ordinance 2002 in Pakistan enforced in 2002 it was categorically focus on the electronic transaction and e-commerce issues, the nature of the statute is not as such to curb the criminal activities of cyber criminals, Soon after the promulgation the of the ETO 2002 a sense of invulnerability to the electronic sensitive systems by the cyber criminals was felt and prevention of Electronic Crime Ordinance 2007 was enacted. The ETO 2002 and PECO 2007 are doling out mostly with issues as;
i. The recognition and presumption of electronic forms.
ii. Legal recognition of electronic signatures.
iii. Attestation of notarization.
iv. Acknowledgement of receipt.
v. Attribution of communication, etc
vi. Criminal access, criminal data access, data damage and system damage.
vii. Electronic Fraud, electronic forgery and misuse of electronic system and electronic device.
viii. Unauthorized access to code and misuse of encryption.
ix. Malicious code, cyber stalking and spamming spoofing.
x. Cyber terrorism, etc
S.J.TUBRAZY
Reference: Cyber Law of India